{"description":"A drifter is a lagrangian buoy that remains at surface following the local current and trasmitting the surface temperature and GPS position. Measurements are generally made hourly and batteries provide energy even for 2 years. Different kind of drifters have been designed in the years in order to meet oceanographic and scientific needs.","models":[{"generic":"WAWY","name":"WAWY","description":null,"count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":35,"images":[],"instruments":[],"open":false},{"generic":"WHOI","name":"WHOI","description":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":34,"images":[],"instruments":[],"open":false},{"generic":"CARTHE","name":"CARTHE","description":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":30,"images":[{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/the-carthe-drifter-photo-greenwave-78767.jpg","didascalia":"The CARTHE drifter (Photo: GreenWave Instruments LLC)","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":30,"descrizione":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","type":"CARTHE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/carthe-drifter-deployment-from-a-78762.jpg","didascalia":"CARTHE drifter deployment from a small boat offshore Miami. (Photo: GreenWave Instruments LLC)","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":30,"descrizione":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","type":"CARTHE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/carthe-drifter-deployment-in-the-78763.jpg","didascalia":"CARTHE drifter deployment in the Gulf of Mexico during the LASER experiment. (Photo: GreenWave Instruments LLC)","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":30,"descrizione":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","type":"CARTHE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/drifter-getting-ready-for-deployment-78764.jpg","didascalia":"Drifter getting ready for deployment in the Gulf of Mexico during SPLASH experiment. (Photo: GreenWave Instruments LLC)","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":30,"descrizione":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","type":"CARTHE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/full-scale-testing-at-the-78765.jpg","didascalia":"Full scale testing at the SUSTAIN wave-tank facility at the University of Miami, RSMAS. (Photo: GreenWave Instruments LLC)","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":30,"descrizione":"The low-cost, biodegradable, and sacrificial CARTHE drifter tracks currents centered 40 cm below the surface and is designed to enable large-scale deployments. The patented design was developed by a team of physical oceanographers and engineers at the University of Miami.
Source: https:\/\/www.marinelink.com\/news\/drifter-carthe-meet430364","type":"CARTHE","web":"t"}],"instruments":[{"generic":"CARTHE","name":"CARTHE","id_type":134,"description":"Drifter Globalstar","pdf":null,"desc_long":"Specifications:\nTelemetry: GlobalStar Simplex\nPosition: Every 5 minutes\nBattery: 6 Volts Alkaline\nBattery Life: Up to 3 months\nMaterial: PHA biodegradable plastic\nDeployment: Magnetic switch activation\nSize: 70cm tall x 38cm wide\nDrogue mid-depth: 40cm\nFloat: 38cm diameter torus\nWeight: 4 Kg in air\nAssembly: 3-part kit","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":30,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false}],"open":false},{"generic":"DWS","name":"DWS","description":"Directional Wave Spectra Drifter
\n
\nWave Drifter Schematic
\nDirectional Wave Spectra Drifter
\nTechnical Description
\n35cm sphere surface float
\nGPS based tracking and wave engine
\nIridium Short Burst Data (SBD) telemetry
\nOnboard datalogger with up to 16gb of storage
\nFourier coefficients a0, a1, b1, a2, b2
\n1\/256 Hz bandwidth from 0.03Hz \u2013 0.50Hz
\nUser programmable sampling window
\nSea Surface Temperature (\u00b10.05K accuracy)
\nFreely drifting or restrained mooring configurations
\n1 year lifespan
\nWave Engine
\nThe heart of the Directional Wave Spectra sensor is a high-performance GPS engine paired with in-house developed software algorithms for onboard computation of the Directional Wave Spectrum.
\n
\nThe Directional Wave Spectra sensor is designed as a turn-key solution for all wave monitoring requirements.
\n
\nHardware Concept
\nThe Directional Wave Spectra drifter hardware utilizes the same concept as the SVP Drifter but without a drogue. The Directional Wave Spectra Drifter utilizes a field serviceable buoy hull that can be restrained for shallow water near-coastal applications or freely drift at the surface for open-ocean applications. All measurements collected can be logged onboard an optional microSD card and\/or relayed to a shore station using Iridium SBD.
\n
\nData Quality
\nOn-board processing enables computation of First-5 Directional Fourier coefficients a0, a1, b1, a2, b2. First-5 coefficients can be used to compute wave parameters such as significant wave height, swell direction, and directional spread, among others.
\n
\nIntercomparison studies have been conducted in San Diego, California (mooring vs. Datawell DWR3), Gulf of Naples in Naples, Italy (mooring vs. RDI ADCP), Equatorial Pacific (spheres vs. Wave Watch III) and are ongoing.","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":31,"images":[{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/DWS_ANNOTATED_WAVE.png","didascalia":"Directional Wave Spectra Drifter","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":31,"descrizione":"Directional Wave Spectra Drifter
\n
\nWave Drifter Schematic
\nDirectional Wave Spectra Drifter
\nTechnical Description
\n35cm sphere surface float
\nGPS based tracking and wave engine
\nIridium Short Burst Data (SBD) telemetry
\nOnboard datalogger with up to 16gb of storage
\nFourier coefficients a0, a1, b1, a2, b2
\n1\/256 Hz bandwidth from 0.03Hz \u2013 0.50Hz
\nUser programmable sampling window
\nSea Surface Temperature (\u00b10.05K accuracy)
\nFreely drifting or restrained mooring configurations
\n1 year lifespan
\nWave Engine
\nThe heart of the Directional Wave Spectra sensor is a high-performance GPS engine paired with in-house developed software algorithms for onboard computation of the Directional Wave Spectrum.
\n
\nThe Directional Wave Spectra sensor is designed as a turn-key solution for all wave monitoring requirements.
\n
\nHardware Concept
\nThe Directional Wave Spectra drifter hardware utilizes the same concept as the SVP Drifter but without a drogue. The Directional Wave Spectra Drifter utilizes a field serviceable buoy hull that can be restrained for shallow water near-coastal applications or freely drift at the surface for open-ocean applications. All measurements collected can be logged onboard an optional microSD card and\/or relayed to a shore station using Iridium SBD.
\n
\nData Quality
\nOn-board processing enables computation of First-5 Directional Fourier coefficients a0, a1, b1, a2, b2. First-5 coefficients can be used to compute wave parameters such as significant wave height, swell direction, and directional spread, among others.
\n
\nIntercomparison studies have been conducted in San Diego, California (mooring vs. Datawell DWR3), Gulf of Naples in Naples, Italy (mooring vs. RDI ADCP), Equatorial Pacific (spheres vs. Wave Watch III) and are ongoing.","type":"DWS - Directional Wave Spectra Drifter","web":"t"}],"instruments":[{"generic":"DWS","name":"DWS - Directional Wave Spectra Drifter","id_type":130,"description":"Iridium CODE + GPS + Wave","pdf":null,"desc_long":"http:\/\/gdp.ucsd.edu\/ldl_drifter\/instruments\/wave.html\r\nhttp:\/\/meetings.wmo.int\/JCOMM-5\/TECO\/Presentations\/Session%201\/Luca%20Centurioni.pdf","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":31,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false}],"open":false},{"generic":"SVP","name":"SVP","description":"The WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian Drifter (Sybrandy and Niiler, 1991) consists of a surface buoy containing the batteries, the Argos antenna, the temperature and sea water switch sensors and electronics, a subsurface sphere at about 3 m depth to provide additional buoyancy and to reduce the wave motion effects on the drogue, and a holey-sock drogue centered at a nominal depth of 15 m. The tether between the subsurface sphere and the drogue was extended for one drifter in order to have the drogue centered at 300 m nominal depth to measure the intermediate currents. Sea surface temperature and drogue presence data (from a sea water switch and\/or a strain gauge) are telemetered to the Argos system. For the drifter drogued to 300 m, transmissions are continuous (i.e., every 90 seconds) for 90 days after which they are enabled for one day out of three, during another 90 days. More details about the WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian drifter can be found in Poulain et al. (1996). Most of the WOCE\/SVP drifters were manufactured by Clearwater Instrumentation, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.","count_active":4,"id_instrument_generic":25,"images":[{"id_type":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.metocean.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/SVP-300x300.jpg?x54403","didascalia":"The Surface Velocity Program (SVP, iSVP) drifting buoy is a Lagrangian current-following drifter, designed to track water currents (15 metres depth) beneath the ocean surface.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":25,"descrizione":"The WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian Drifter (Sybrandy and Niiler, 1991) consists of a surface buoy containing the batteries, the Argos antenna, the temperature and sea water switch sensors and electronics, a subsurface sphere at about 3 m depth to provide additional buoyancy and to reduce the wave motion effects on the drogue, and a holey-sock drogue centered at a nominal depth of 15 m. The tether between the subsurface sphere and the drogue was extended for one drifter in order to have the drogue centered at 300 m nominal depth to measure the intermediate currents. Sea surface temperature and drogue presence data (from a sea water switch and\/or a strain gauge) are telemetered to the Argos system. For the drifter drogued to 300 m, transmissions are continuous (i.e., every 90 seconds) for 90 days after which they are enabled for one day out of three, during another 90 days. More details about the WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian drifter can be found in Poulain et al. (1996). Most of the WOCE\/SVP drifters were manufactured by Clearwater Instrumentation, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.","type":"SVP","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/doga\/sire\/database_blacksea\/images\/drifter\/svp_small.jpg","didascalia":"SVP drifter ready for deployment, with surface and sub-surface balls and holey-sock drogue.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":25,"descrizione":"The WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian Drifter (Sybrandy and Niiler, 1991) consists of a surface buoy containing the batteries, the Argos antenna, the temperature and sea water switch sensors and electronics, a subsurface sphere at about 3 m depth to provide additional buoyancy and to reduce the wave motion effects on the drogue, and a holey-sock drogue centered at a nominal depth of 15 m. The tether between the subsurface sphere and the drogue was extended for one drifter in order to have the drogue centered at 300 m nominal depth to measure the intermediate currents. Sea surface temperature and drogue presence data (from a sea water switch and\/or a strain gauge) are telemetered to the Argos system. For the drifter drogued to 300 m, transmissions are continuous (i.e., every 90 seconds) for 90 days after which they are enabled for one day out of three, during another 90 days. More details about the WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian drifter can be found in Poulain et al. (1996). Most of the WOCE\/SVP drifters were manufactured by Clearwater Instrumentation, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.","type":"SVP","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.trieste.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/minimet.gif","didascalia":"Photograph of the GDP-MINIMET drifter with surface ball (with wind vane),\nsub-surface buoy, hydrophones and holey-sock drogue.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":25,"descrizione":"The WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian Drifter (Sybrandy and Niiler, 1991) consists of a surface buoy containing the batteries, the Argos antenna, the temperature and sea water switch sensors and electronics, a subsurface sphere at about 3 m depth to provide additional buoyancy and to reduce the wave motion effects on the drogue, and a holey-sock drogue centered at a nominal depth of 15 m. The tether between the subsurface sphere and the drogue was extended for one drifter in order to have the drogue centered at 300 m nominal depth to measure the intermediate currents. Sea surface temperature and drogue presence data (from a sea water switch and\/or a strain gauge) are telemetered to the Argos system. For the drifter drogued to 300 m, transmissions are continuous (i.e., every 90 seconds) for 90 days after which they are enabled for one day out of three, during another 90 days. More details about the WOCE\/TOGA Lagrangian drifter can be found in Poulain et al. (1996). Most of the WOCE\/SVP drifters were manufactured by Clearwater Instrumentation, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.","type":"Minimet","web":"t"}],"instruments":[{"generic":"SVP","name":"SVP","id_type":5,"description":"SVP Drifter","pdf":null,"desc_long":"The Surface Velocity Program (SVP, iSVP) drifting buoy is a Lagrangian current-following drifter, designed to track water currents (15 metres depth) beneath the ocean surface. Developed for unattended operation in the oceans of the world, the SVP consists of sensors to acquire meteorological and oceanographic data, a battery power source, and a satellite transmitter that relays the data through either Argos or Iridium\u00ae satellite systems.\n\nThe standard SVP is equipped with a sea surface temperature sensor. The SVP\u2019s holey sock drogue is centered at 15 meters and is sized to provide a drag ratio (drogue frontal area to that of all other submerged frontal areas) in excess of 40:1. Additional sensors can be added. They include; barometric pressure (BP), salinity, and conductivity. The SVP buoy has been a proven data collection asset for the oceanographic, meteorological, and oil and gas markets. Today, major weather forecasting agencies use MetOcean Telematics SVP buoys and the SVP is found throughout the world\u2019s oceans.\n\n Iridium\u00ae or Argos telemetry\n Rugged and compact design\n Optional sensors available\n Iridium certified","count_active":4,"id_instrument_generic":25,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"SVP","name":"Minimet","id_type":15,"description":"Minimet","pdf":null,"desc_long":"The GDP-MINIMET (WOTAN) drifter is essentially a WOCE\/SVP system with a wind vane on the surface ball and hydrophones above the holey-sock in order to measure the wind direction and magnitude, respectively. Two of these units (Argos ID numbers 16897 and 24064) were deployed in the Adriatic in 1997 and 1998.","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":25,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"SVP","name":"Minimet HR","id_type":164,"description":"Minimet HR","pdf":null,"desc_long":"Manufactured by LDL. MINIMET_HR contains SST, SLP and Wind","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":25,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"SVP-B","name":"SVP BGC","id_type":162,"description":"SVP BGC Drifter","pdf":null,"desc_long":"The Surface Velocity Program (SVP, iSVP) drifting buoy is a Lagrangian current-following drifter, designed to track water currents (15 metres depth) beneath the ocean surface. Developed for unattended operation in the oceans of the world, the SVP consists of sensors to acquire meteorological and oceanographic data, a battery power source, and a satellite transmitter that relays the data through either Argos or Iridium\u00ae satellite systems.\r\n\r\nThe standard SVP is equipped with a sea surface temperature sensor. The SVP\u2019s holey sock drogue is centered at 15 meters and is sized to provide a drag ratio (drogue frontal area to that of all other submerged frontal areas) in excess of 40:1. Additional sensors can be added. They include; barometric pressure (BP), salinity, and conductivity. The SVP buoy has been a proven data collection asset for the oceanographic, meteorological, and oil and gas markets. Today, major weather forecasting agencies use MetOcean Telematics SVP buoys and the SVP is found throughout the world\u2019s oceans.\r\n\r\n Iridium\u00ae or Argos telemetry\r\n Rugged and compact design\r\n Optional sensors available\r\n Iridium certified","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":25,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"SVP-B","name":"SVP Biooptical","id_type":165,"description":"SVP BioOptical","pdf":null,"desc_long":"Manufactured by LDL. BIOOPTICAL contains the full suite of sensors","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":25,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false}],"open":false},{"generic":"Wirewalker","name":"Wirewalker","description":"https:\/\/www.delmarocean.com\/ww-how-it-works
A length of wire is suspended from a small surface float. At the deep end of the wire a weight encourages the entire length of wire to move vertically, following the oscillatory motion of the surface float. The Wirewalker profiler rides along the wire, with an internal cam grabbing the wire when it descends and releasing when the wire ascends. At the bottom of the desired profiling range, the profiler collides with a mechanical turnaround bumper which releases the cam, enabling the Wirewalker to free-ascend to the top of the wire under its own buoyancy. As demonstrated in the video, the cam is reset and the cycle repeats.\r\n\r\nTypical profiling speeds are on the order of 10 m\/minute, round-trip, through a wide range of sea states.\r\n\r\nThe Wirewalker stop-motion animation (courtesy of long-time Wirewalker user Melissa Omand (URI) and Colleen Durkin) is a fantastic visualization of how the Wirewalker works. It also highlights the Wirewalker\u2019s modular design and ability to accept a large custom payload.","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":33,"images":[],"instruments":[],"open":false},{"generic":"CODE","name":"CODE","description":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","count_active":10,"id_instrument_generic":24,"images":[{"id_type":2,"url":298208626,"didascalia":"Dott. Zennaro explain usage of IOT as used in this type of drifter.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/code_ogs\/P1000587.JPG","didascalia":null,"id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/code_ogs\/P1000579.JPG","didascalia":null,"id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/code_ogs\/IMG_2713.JPG","didascalia":null,"id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/argo.ogs.it\/img\/instrument\/drifter\/code_ogs\/IMG_2718.JPG","didascalia":null,"id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/111001c.jpg","didascalia":"Pictures of the A111","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"A106\/A111","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/a104.jpg","didascalia":"Pictures of the A104","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"A106\/A111","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.trieste.it\/sire\/drifter\/database_tirreno\/html\/pictgallery_files\/GPS%2520ArgoDrifter2_half.jpg","didascalia":"Picture of the CODE drifter with a GPS receiver.\nThe two antennae (Argos to the right and GPS to the left) protude above sea level.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/code2.jpg","didascalia":"Schematic diagram of the modified CODE drifter","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/code.jpg","didascalia":"Modified CODE drifter floating at the sea surface","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/code3.jpg","didascalia":"Deploying a modified CODE drifter in its carboard box","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/drifter\/database_med\/figs\/code5.gif","didascalia":"Deploying a modified CODE drifter in its carboard box","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/sire\/drifter\/database_tirreno\/html\/pictgallery_files\/DSCN0013.JPG","didascalia":"Argos antenna and four spherical buoys of a CODE drifter at the sea surface.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/sire\/drifter\/database_tirreno\/html\/pictgallery_files\/codepietro.jpg","didascalia":"Tossing a CODE drifter in its cardboard box over the ship railing.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"},{"id_type":1,"url":"http:\/\/nettuno.ogs.it\/sire\/drifter\/database_tirreno\/html\/pictgallery_files\/IMG_0955_crop.jpg","didascalia":"Deploying a CODE drifter with GPS without its cardboard box.","id_instrument":2,"id_instrument_generic":24,"descrizione":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","type":"CODE","web":"t"}],"instruments":[{"generic":"CODE","name":"CODE-OGS-SPOT","id_type":125,"description":"CODE Drifter Spot","pdf":null,"desc_long":null,"count_active":10,"id_instrument_generic":24,"video":[{"id":37,"url":298208626,"didascalia":"Dott. Zennaro explain usage of IOT as used in this type of drifter."}],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"A106\/A111","name":"A106\/A111","id_type":10,"description":"A106\/A111","pdf":null,"desc_long":"The A111 and A104 drifters were manufactured by Brightwaters Instrument, Co, New York, USA. Model A111 houses the transmitter, antenna and batteries within a vertical cyclinder. Buoyancy is provided by a collar on the top of the cylinder, and a subsurface float (also providing buoyancy for the drogued). The drogue is a holey-sock type tethered at 10 m depth. Model A104 is similar in design to the CODE drifter. It is equipped with a GPS receiver (although that GPS data were not used in this database) and it is attached to a holey-sock drogued tethered at 10 m. Both A111 and A104 models produced similar subsurface to surface drag ratios (Font et al., 1998; Salas et al., 2000).","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":24,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false},{"generic":"CODE","name":"CODE","id_type":12,"description":"CODE","pdf":null,"desc_long":"The modified CODE drifter is similar to the one used in the Coastal Dynamics Experiment (CODE) in the early 1980's (Davis, 1985). It consists of a slender, vertical, 1 m-long negatively buoyant tube with four drag-producing vanes extending radially from the tube over its entire lengh (Fig. 1, top left panel). The total lateral extent of the system is about 1 m. The buoyancy is provided by four small spherical floats attached on the upper extremities of the vanes with a short (about 27 cm) flexible line. A small antenna for satellite tracking and data trasmission is attached on the top of the tube and extends about 37 cm above the sea level (Fig. 1, top right panel). A thermistor is embedded in the main tubular hull at about 40 cm under the sea level for measuring sea surface temperature (SST). The modified CODE drifters were manufactured by Technocean, Cape Coral, Florida, USA.\n\nThe modified CODE drifter can be easily deployed in a cardboard box by any able-bodied person as its weight is only about 8.4 kg (Fig 1., bottom panels). Since the deployment box is sealed with sea-water soluble tape, it breaks open within an hour of immersion and allows the drifter to extend its four drag-producing vanes. The transmitter is switched on by removing (manually before release or automatically in the water) a magnet that is originally attached to the hull with water soluble tape.\n\nComparison with current meter measuraments (Davis, 1985) and studies using dye to measure relative water movements (D. Olson, Personal Communication) showed that the CODE drifter-inferred velocities are accurate to about 3 cm\/s, even under strong wind conditions.\n\nFor most of the modified CODE drifters, the transmission period of the ST-5 transmitter was set to 90 s. The controller samples the thermistor once a minute and calculates an average temperature every 15 minutes. At the time of drifter manufacture, the SST sensor was calibrated to 0.1 deg C in the range of -5 to 39 deg C. The temperature data is transmitted by the ST-5 with 0.1 deg C accuracy and 0.05 deg C resolution.\n\nIn order to take advantage of a special scientific tariff for Argos tracking and data telemetry the transmitter of some of the modified CODE drifters was programmed to transmit with an intermittent duty cycle after 30 days of continuous operation. A repetitive duty cycle with transmission enabled for 24 hours and disabled for the consecutive 48 hours was adopted.","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":24,"video":[],"docs":[],"open":false}],"open":false},{"generic":"OTHER","name":"OTHER","description":null,"count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":27,"images":[],"instruments":[],"open":false},{"generic":"PARC","name":"PARC","description":"Military","count_active":0,"id_instrument_generic":32,"images":[],"instruments":[],"open":false}]}